what safety precautions should be implemented when a client reports an allergy to latex? ati

In this section of the NCLEX-RN examination, you lot will be expected to demonstrate your knowledge and skills of accident / mistake and incident prevention in order to:

• Assess clients for allergies and intervene as needed (e.k., nutrient, latex, environmental allergies)
• Make up one's mind client/staff member knowledge of safety procedures
• Place factors that influence accident/injury prevention (eastward.k., age, developmental phase, lifestyle, mental status)
• Place deficits that may impede client safety (east.k., visual, hearing, sensory/perceptual)
• Identify and verify prescriptions for treatments that may contribute to an blow or injury (does not include medication)
• Identify and facilitate correct apply of infant and kid car seats
• Provide the client with advisable method to bespeak staff members
• Protect the client from injury (e.k., falls, electrical hazards)
• Review necessary modifications with client to reduce stress on specific muscle or skeletal groups (e.g., frequent irresolute of position, routine stretching of the shoulders, cervix, arms, hands, fingers)
• Implement seizure precautions for at-adventure clients
• Make appropriate room assignments for cognitively impaired clients
• Ensure proper identification of client when providing care
• Verify appropriateness and/or accuracy of a treatment order

Patient, resident safety is a major concern in healthcare organizations. The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organization (JCAHO) publishes patient safety goals on an annual basis to facilitate client safety.

The Infirmary Patient Safe Goals for 2016 include the goals to:

• Identify patient safety risks
• Identify patients correctly
• Improve staff communication
• Utilize medications correctly
• Use patient rubber alarms correctly
• Prevent infections
• Prevent errors and mistakes relating to surgery, other invasive procedures, and treatments

More data most the electric current Patient Rubber Goals put forth by the Joint Committee on the Accreditation of Healthcare System (JCAHO).

Assessing the Client for Allergies and Intervening equally Needed

Upon commencement contact with the client, the nurse thoroughly assesses the client for any known allergies, in add-on to many other bio-psycho-social-spiritual data. These allergies can be related to medications and other substances such equally dissimilarity media that is used for many diagnostic tests, foods, environmental factors like pet dander and air pollution and other things like an allergy to latex and products containing latex.

Nurses determine, place and certificate client allergies to medications, contrast media used for diagnostic tests, foods, and ecology sources including latex.

Nurses discover for and identify any possible allergies to the medications. For example, nurses collect data relating to past medication allergic responses and they also detect patients throughout the class of care to determine if the patient is experiencing an allergic response to a new medication. For this reason, nurses must be fully informed virtually the signs and symptoms of an allergic response to all medications that they administer.

All allergies to medications are documented in the nursing assessment and also on the medication administration record in improver to other areas in the medical tape, according to the facility's policy and procedure. Many healthcare agencies as well use allergy bands and/or bar codes with embedded allergy information to enable nurses to readily identify any allergies to medications.

Like to latex allergic responses, the degree, intensity and seriousness of allergic responses to medications can exist moderate or severe.

Usually occurring medication allergies include allergies to penicillin which tin be particularly dangerous and life threatening, allergies to sulfonamides, and allergic reactions to cephalosporin medications.

Ordinarily occurring allergies to radiocontrast media include allergies to ionic high osmolality contrast media and nonionic low osmolality contrast media. Some of the risk factors associated with allergies to radiocontrast media include beta blocker antihypertensive medications, the elder years, female gender, and a history of renal illness and/or middle disease.

It is estimated that most 10% of people have a reaction to penicillin. Some of these reactions are an allergic response and others are merely a side effect. The commencement exposure to penicillin, referred to every bit the "sensitizing dose", sensitizes and prepares the torso to reply to a 2nd exposure or dose. It is and so the second exposure or dose that leads to anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock.

The signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock, a blazon of distributive shock, are the massive collapse of venules and arterioles in the trunk'south circulatory system, decreased cardiac output, histamine release, a drib in blood pressure, pooling of venous blood, laryngeal edema, respiratory distress, a rash, a rapid bounding heart trounce, and death unless it is immediately treated.

Like a penicillin allergy, allergies to latex and its effects on the torso can vary amongst individuals in terms of its severity. For example, some clients may only be afflicted with an firsthand local contact dermatitis, the least severe of all the allergic reactions to latex, others can be affected with a delayed contact dermatitis, and however move tin respond with a life threatening allergic reaction which tin can be signaled with itching and flulike symptoms and progress to tachycardia, hypotension, dyspnea, chest pain tremors, and anaphylactic shock.

The signs and symptoms of firsthand and delayed contact dermatitis to latex include itching and called-for of the skin and skin scaling that tin extend the area of contact such every bit the hands when latex gloves are used.

Allergies to latex tin occur after long utilise and they tin can also occur with the first contact with latex.

Some of the patients at greatest gamble for latex allergies are those with some immunosuppressive disorder such as HIV/AIDS, those with asthma and eczema. It is also believed that those who are allergic to some foods, similar avocados, are more than at hazard for latex allergies than others without these food allergies.

Larn more about the role of HIV/AIDS nurses.

In summary, nurses must be knowledgeable about assessing known and possible client allergies including those to medication, other medical substances such every bit latex and contrast media, foods and environmental factors, the signs and symptoms of an allergic response, and interventions that must exist done when the client is affected with an allergic response. Some of these interventions can include reporting, documentation and interventions to correct any allergic responses and changes that can touch on on the client's healthcare status. For case, CPR and other life saving measures may be indicated when the client is afflicted with life threatening anaphylactic stupor; and the nurse may have to administer corticosteroid medications with a medico'south order after an allergic response was communicated to the client's doc.

Determining Client and Staff Knowledge of Prophylactic Procedures

Staff is required to accept the noesis, skills and abilities to identify safety risks, to arbitrate appropriately to prevent and right prophylactic hazards and to act accordingly when a client, family member, visitor or another staff member is actually or potentially afflicted by a condom take chances.

When a staff educational need related to these or other aspects of condom, the registered nurse, will plan, implement and evaluate education to meet these needs. After education is provided, the staff fellow member will be assessed for their competency.

Some safety skills, such equally using a fire extinguisher, are rarely used skills and others, such every bit daily surveillance of the patient care area for prophylactic hazards and risks, are frequently used skills. Both, rarely used and frequently used safe skills, even so, are associated with high take a chance, therefore, rarely used skills must be assessed and staff must be deemed competent on a frequent footing with observation; and frequently used rubber skills can be validated for competent functioning with the indirect observation of the application of these skills and the identification of whatever bug or discrepancies in the functioning of these skills. For example, the staff member should actually demonstrate the correct use of a burn extinguisher in a planned style and at least on an annual basis and the competency levels of staff related to frequently used safety skills can exist determined and validated indirectly past observing the correct application of these skills in the surface area of employment.

Clients too may have safety educational needs. For example, clients at risk for incidents, accidents, and errors should exist instructed about safety procedures and measures that they can utilize to prevent them. For example, some clients may need frequent reminders to call for aid before getting out of bed to prevent a autumn, and others may need the nurse to educate them for the need for grab track and to have a carbon monoxide warning in the dwelling house.

Identifying Factors that Influence Accident/Injury Prevention

Some of the factors that can positively bear on on and influence injury and blow prevention include an age and developmental stage at which the person is able to sympathise safety and safe beliefs; a normal, alert and awake level of consciousness, a level of cognitive power and mental status that enables the person to have insight into safety and safe behaviors and fully aware and cognizant of their own limitations, strengths and weaknesses; and a lifestyle including practice and an acceptable nutrition that tin can enhance their health, well-being and level of rubber.

In terms of age, infants, toddlers, immature children and the elderly very young are at greater risk for accidents and injuries than other age groups; people with poor consumption patterns, such as illicit drug and/or alcohol abuse, are more prone to injuries and accident than those who have healthy lifestyle choices that increase their force, stamina, agility and nutritional status.

Identifying Deficits That May Impede Client Safe (e.g., visual, hearing, sensory/perceptual)

Physical deficits like sensory losses and alterations, impaired mobility, an altered mental and emotional state, and other factors can negatively impact on the safety of the client.

Sensory and Perceptual Deficits

Concrete deficits like a sensory losses and alterations tin can touch customer rubber. For example, clients with a visual impairment may trip over objects that they cannot come across and they can too fail to see a sign that indicates that a floor is wet; and patients with a hearing deficit may not hear a fire or smoke alarm.

Dumb Mobility

Patients affected with permanent or temporary losses of mobility are more prone to injuries and accidents than other patients without these deficits. For example, a client with left sided paralysis as the event of a cerebrovascular accident and a client who has go weak as the upshot of prolonged consummate bed balance are at greater risk for injuries and blow than those without these conditions.

An Altered Mental and Emotional State

High levels of stress, fatigue, the effects of some medications like sedating medications, the effects of anesthesia, and depression are hazard factors associated with a greatest risk for client injuries and accidents than other clients with intact and unimpaired mental and emotional states.

A Lack of Safe Insight

A lack of good judgment and insight into safe risks place clients at take chances for safety concerns.

Identifying and Verifying Prescriptions for Treatments That May Contribute to An Accident or Injury, Not Including Medications

An essential component of injury and accident protection entails the ability of the nurse to identify and verify all treatment orders and prescriptions to insure that they are not placing the client at risk for whatsoever injury or accident. When the nurse receives an gild or prescription for a treatment or procedure that is questionable in terms of client ceremoniousness and safe, the nurse, as the nurse does with questionable medication orders, contacts the person who has prescribed the handling or procedure and verifies the gild before carrying this order out.

The treatments and procedures that are near prone to client risk, injuries and accidents and the most risky are invasive procedures including surgery and invasive diagnostic tests. Information technology is, therefore, essential that nurses exercise farthermost caution and apply their knowledge of the client'due south condition and the risks associated with the particular treatment to the detail order to insure that undue risks are not associated with the invasive handling or procedure that has been ordered.

Some of the procedures associated with high degrees of risk intraprocedure or handling and subsequently the treatment or procedure include all surgical procedures, invasive cardiac catheterizations, intubation, peripheral venous catheters, central venous catheters, chest tubes, mechanical ventilation, the administration of contrast media for diagnostic tests and other procedures and treatments, some of which will exist discussed in a later department entitled The Reduction of Take chances Potential.

Identifying and Facilitating the Right Use of Infant and Child Motorcar Seats

When properly used and fitted, baby and child death and injury secondary to motor vehicle accidents can be significantly, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Assistants (NHTSA). It is estimated that infant and kid car seats forestall death amongst infants by 71% and among toddlers and young children under 3 years of age by 54%.

Infant seats and car seats must be properly sized and properly installed in order for them to exist constructive confronting injures and decease. For example, rears facing infant seats are e'er installed in the back seat facing the rear of the car when the infant or baby is less than about 2 years of age and most 20 to 30 pounds. Convertible prophylactic seats tin exist both rear facing and front, or forrad, facing. Regular auto seat belts tin be typically used when the child is at least 40 pounds and about iv years of historic period.

Providing the Client with An Appropriate Method to Signal Staff Members

Many accidents and client injuries tin exist prevented when the customer has access to a device that enables them to betoken staff and when these calls to staff members are responded to in a timely mode. Nurse phone call bells that continue ringing for minutes without being responded to by staff can, and do, lead to unnecessary injuries and accidents that could have been prevented by a prompt staff response. Regardless of the method for alerting staff is used, calls for help and assistance must exist immediately responded to.

At times the method to signal and alert nursing staff members must be modified co-ordinate to the client's characteristics and needs and at other times the method to bespeak and alert nursing staff members must be modified according to a situation or circumstance in the environment that is not related to the client and their abilities.

Most clients are able to signal staff with a call bell and light. Others may just be able to verbally call out for assist, and others may not be able to betoken staff members. Clients unable to utilise a phone call bong should be placed near the nursing station or another surface area with high activity so the customer's verbal calls for assistance can be heard and attended to by staff; clients unable to call for help using a call bespeak or verbal calls for aid should not only be placed in a room near the nursing station or another area with high activity so that they can be monitored and observed on a frequent ground.

When there is a utility failure, or another ecology cistron such as the malfunction of the facility's phone call bell organisation, that disrupts the utilise of call bells, manus held bells or buzzers should be provided to the clients so they tin communicate with nursing staff despite this electrical power loss or system malfunction.

Protecting the Client from Injury

Healthcare providers and healthcare facilities are mandated to protect clients, visitors and staff from injury. Some of the ordinarily occurring injuries in healthcare facilities include burns, falls, electrical shock, adventitious poisoning and events occurring from internal and external disasters.

Thermal injures can occur as the outcome of faulty warming and cooling devices and too with the improper application of heat and common cold to the customer, peculiarly when the client has a sensory and/or neurological deficit that impairs their ability to sense and feel skin damage resulting from the heat or cold application. More data about the condom and right application of heat and common cold will be discussed later in this NCLEX-RN review.

Falls a major, usually occurring and plush accident, with or without injury, plague nigh all health care facilities. For this reason, all clients should be screened and assessed for falls risk upon access, upon our first client contact and, as well, whenever the client's condition is marked with significant physical and/or psychological or cognitive changes.

When a client is screened and assessed as a falls take a chance client, special interventions to preclude falls must exist immediately initiated, communicated and documents.

Some of the gamble factors associated with falls that are typically included in a falls risk screening and assessment are:

Incontinence

Patients who are incontinent of carrion and/or urine are at greater take a chance for falls than clients who are not affected with these emptying problems. Incontinent patients may get out feces and/or urine of the flooring which they may skid on and/or they may be in such a hurry to get to the toilet that they fail to utilize proper lighting and other safety measures to prevent a autumn.

Defoliation

Confusion tin atomic number 82 to poor judgment and a lack of awareness of environmental factors that can lead to a fall. People who are dislocated may lack good judgment and they may not be aware of any hazards.

Poor vision

People who are visually dumb can trip over things they cannot see, particularly in a foreign, or new, environment. Clients should be given their eyeglasses and encouraged to utilise them.

A delayed and slow reaction time

A delayed and slow reaction fourth dimension, a normal change associated with the crumbling process, places clients at greater risk than others, and often younger, clients. They may non react quickly enough to avoid a adventure, such equally a wet floor, that they see. This can lead to a slip and fall.

Age

The aging population, infants and young children are the age groups that are at greatest risk for falls.

Medications

Sedating medications and other medications with some side furnishings, such equally fatigue, muscular weakness, dizziness, and orthostatic hypotension, for instance, increase a client'due south vulnerability to falls.

Poor muscular strength, balance, coordination, gait and range of motion (ROM)

When a client has poor residue, coordination, proper gait, and total range of motion for one reason or another, they are at greater take a chance for falls than other clients without these deficits. One of the virtually constructive interventions to accost these deficits is to employ the services of the physical therapist to increment the customer's muscular strength, balance, coordination, gait and range of motion in order to preclude falls.

Environmental hazards

Patient rooms and customer areas that have clutter, poor lighting, high glare, wet floors and/or an absenteeism of nurse telephone call bells are not safe. The nurse is responsible to go along the client environs safe and without any hazards.

Past falls

A history of falls in the past, particularly more contempo and frequent falls, identify a client at time to come risk for falls because many of the same weather that were present in the past, particularly the recent by, may continue to the current time. For example, paralysis secondary to a cerebrovascular accident persists over time.

Fear of falling

A client'due south fear of falling has been shown to exist positively correlated with falls risk.

Some diseases and disorders

Some diseases and disorders, particularly those that adversely bear on the client's musculoskeletal and/or neurological status, identify a client at risks for falls. For case, diseases and disorders similar muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's disease and a seizure disorder place a client at gamble for falls.

In addition to intrinsic, patient related factors that place clients at risk for falls, there are besides a number of extrinsic and ecology factors that place clients at risk for falls.

Some of these factors, all of which must be immediately corrected, include:

Inadequate patient pes vesture

Poorly fitting, nonskid proof and merely dangerous shoes and slippers place clients at risk for falls. Patient footwear should exist slip proof, sturdy, properly fitted and safe. Sideslip proof socks are highly effective in terms of fall prevention.

Broken equipment and the inappropriate employ of patient equipment

Broken patient equipment such as a broken wheelchair or cane can atomic number 82 to falls. All broken equipment must be reported and immediately removed from service and not used until they are repaired and deemed safe to use. All patient equipment must also exist used correctly. When a staff member improperly uses a mechanical elevator, for example, to movement the customer from the bed to the chair and the patient falls every bit the result of this improper use, an blow and injury has occurred as the result of this improper utilize of the mechanical elevator.

No answers to calls for assistance

As previously stated, all calls from clients must exist responded to promptly in gild to preclude falls every bit well as other incidents and accidents, many of which tin lead to patient injury.

In add-on to assessing clients for falls risk, some of the special interventions that can prevent falls or lessen the degree of injury that a client can sustain subsequently a fall include the following:

• The apply of patient assistive devices such equally walkers and canes

• Padded briefs to decrease the extent of an injury when a customer does fall despite preventive measures

• The use of padded gym mats on the floor next to a bed can also decrease the extent of an injury when a client does fall despite preventive measures

• The utilize of low beds to decrease the extent of an injury when a client does fall despite preventive measures

• The utilize of bed and chair alarms to alert staff that the client is rising from the bed or the chair

• More frequent patient monitoring and observation

• The use of high toilet seats and grab confined

Electric Condom

Like other safety hazards, health care facilities are subject field to incidents and accidents associated with things and practices that are contrary to skillful electrical safety. For case, frayed electric cords and using extension cords that can overwork electrical outlets and also cause client tripping and falling can occur in wellness care facilities unless they are eliminated from the environments within which clients receive services and staff members work.

All electrical customer equipment is routinely and predictably inspected for safety, and preventive maintenance is also done and documented on these pieces of electric equipment. When a piece of equipment is overdue for this electrical inspection and maintenance and also when it is malfunctioning and/or with a frayed wire, this piece of electrical equipment must be immediately taken out of service and sent to the advisable department for inspection, preventive maintenance and repair. Nether NO circumstances should such equipment be used even on a very temporary footing. More than about the safe use of equipment will be discussed beneath.

Client'due south personal electric equipment, such as televisions, radios, electrical razors and computers, must also be inspected and canonical as safe, by a person competent to exercise so, before it tin can exist used past the client in the health care surround. For this reason, patients are discouraged from bringing personal electrical equipment into the health care facility for their personal use.

Reviewing Necessary Modifications with the Client to Reduce Stress on Specific Muscle or Skeletal Groups

Some of the things that nurses can facilitate and exercise in lodge to reduce stress on specific musculus and skeletal groups include encouraging clients to perform routine stretching, range of motion exercises and too frequently irresolute positions into those which place the body in a safety position.

Clients who are not able to do this must be positioned and repositioned every two hours into a position that will not cause whatever harm such every bit any stressors on the muscle groups, and that prevent skin breakdown and other complications associated with immobility such as contractures.

The client positions that are used for maintaining good bodily alignment and optimal physiological operation include the Sim's or semi prone position, the Fowler's position, the dorsal recumbent position, the decumbent position and the lateral position. These positions are supported and maintained with pillow, bolsters and wedges when necessary to maintain right actual alignment.

Routine stretching and exercising the body's full range of motion should be strongly encouraged amid all clients that are able to practise so and passive or assisted range of motion should be provided to the customer when they are not able to perform these exercises on their own. These exercises maintain the body's ability to remain strong and mobile. Routine stretching of the shoulders, neck, artillery, hands, and fingers should also exist encouraged.

Implementing Seizure Precautions for At-Adventure Clients

Nurses must implement seizure precautions for at-risk clients to protect them from injury. Seizures, which can be a primary diagnosis or a condition that results from another medical condition such as hypoglycemia, increased intracranial pressure and cerebrovascular accidents, result from aberrant electrical activity in the encephalon.

Some of the chance factors that tin can identify a client at risk for seizures include:

• Alzheimer'south illness
• The use of illicit drugs
• Some prescription drugs
• An overdose of an illicit drug
• A personal history of prior seizures
• A family unit history of seizures
• Cerebral tumors and infections
• Alcohol withdrawal
• Hepatic failure
• Renal failure
• Exposures to toxins
• Hypertension
• Hypoglycemia
• Extreme stress
• Some diseases such as syphilis, sickle cell anemia, Whipple's disease etc.
• Abnormal hormonal changes

The customer is assessed for the presence of whatever seizure risk factors and when a seizure disorder is suspected the client will receive diagnostic tests such as an electroencephalogram (EEG) to assess the customer'due south electrical activity of the brain and to determine whether or non epilepsy is the cause of the seizure activity, a MRI and CT scan to determine if there are whatsoever structural encephalon abnormalities like a tumor, a lumbar puncture to determine whether or not the client has an infection or cerebral bleeding, and PET imaging to decide the specific location that is causing the seizure activity.

Nigh seizures are short lived and they typically persist for only a few minutes; when seizures final more than iii or 5 minutes they tin can be life threatening. It is as well potentially life endangering when a client has several seizures in rapid succession.

When a seizure is witnessed past the nurse, the nurse must remain with the customer, phone call for the help and assistance of others, and observe and appraise the client'due south physical status, like their cardiac and respiratory functioning, and besides implement emergency measures when they are indicated. The client should likewise be protected from concrete injury during the seizure.

All observations and assessments of the client prior to the seizure, such as an aureola, during the seizure and after the seizure are fully documented. Information technology is also reported to the client's doctor.

Clients who are at risk for seizures and a seizure disorder should be taught and educated virtually the need to avoid hazardous activities such equally climbing to high heights with a ladder because a seizure tin can occur all of a sudden and without any warning, the alarm signs of a seizure, the risk factors associated with seizures, and to vesture a medical emergency tag or bracelet that alerts others to the fact that the person has a seizure disorder.

Making Advisable Room Assignments for Cognitively Impaired Clients

In addition to more than frequent monitoring, clients with a cognitive impairment should be placed in a room near a hub of activeness near the nursing station, for example, to prevent injuries and accidents.

Ensuring the Proper Identification of the Client When Providing Care

Proper patient identification must exist done before anything is done for or with a patient. As nosotros previously discussed, accurate identification is necessary during all aspects of nursing intendance. At least two unique identifiers, other than room number, must be used.

Some examples of unique identifiers include a unique code number, the person's start, middle and final name and/or complete appointment of birth including year, an encoded bar code bracelet with at least ii unique identifiers imbedded into it and a photograph. Room numbers are never used as unique identifiers. Patients and residents frequently enter the rooms of other patients and residents, particularly when they are confused.

Patients at greatest risk for identification errors are patients who are confused, comatose, have a primary linguistic communication other than English, and those patients who have an identical proper name or a similar name to some other patient in the health intendance facility. For instance, Mr. Smith and Mr. Smyth are at risk for identification errors when they are in the same facility.

The proper identification of patients prevents many medical errors, including incorrect patient surgery, medication errors and the provision of incorrect treatments and procedures to a patient.

Health care facilities have formalized policies, procedures and mechanisms for patient identification. In addition to the use of two unique identifiers, some wellness care facilities also take bar coded patient identification bands, patient identification wrist bands that include any patient allergies and fifty-fifty wristbands to warning staff that the client is a practise not resuscitate client.

Verifying the Appropriateness and/or Accuracy of a Treatment Order

An essential component of injury and accident prevention, every bit previously detailed with the section to a higher place entitled "Identifying and Verifying Prescriptions for Treatments That May Contribute to An Accident or Injury, Not Including Medications", nurses must not only place and verify all treatment orders and prescriptions to insure that they are not placing the client at risk for whatever injury or blow and as well to verify that the guild is appropriate for the client and that it is accurate and transcribed in an authentic manner.

When the nurse receives an gild or prescription for a treatment or procedure that is questionable in terms of client ceremoniousness and safety, the nurse as the nurse manager of care, contacts the person who has prescribed the treatment or procedure, and they also clarify and verify all questionable orders.

RELATED CONTENT:

• Accident/Error and Incident Prevention (Currently here)
• Emergency Response Plans
• Ergonomic Principles
• Handling Hazardous and Infectious Materials
• Home Condom
• Reporting Incident/Event/ Irregular Occurrence/Variances
• Safe Apply of Equipment
• Security Plans
• Standard Precautions/Manual Based Precautions/Surgical Asepsis
• Employ of Restraints/Safety Devices

See - Rubber & Infection Control Exercise Test Questions

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Alene Shush RN, MSN is a nationally recognized nursing educator. She began her piece of work career every bit an elementary school teacher in New York City and later attended Queensborough Customs Higher for her associate degree in nursing. She worked as a registered nurse in the critical care expanse of a local community hospital and, at this time, she was committed to go a nursing educator. She got her bachelor'south of science in nursing with Excelsior College, a part of the New York Country University and immediately upon graduation she began graduate school at Adelphi University on Long Island, New York. She graduated Summa Cum Laude from Adelphi with a double masters degree in both Nursing Education and Nursing Assistants and immediately began the PhD in nursing coursework at the aforementioned university. She has authored hundreds of courses for healthcare professionals including nurses, she serves as a nurse consultant for healthcare facilities and private corporations, she is likewise an approved provider of standing teaching for nurses and other disciplines and has also served as a member of the American Nurses Association's task strength on competency and instruction for the nursing team members.

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Source: https://www.registerednursing.org/nclex/accident-error-incident-prevention/

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